Debian升级kernel

本文介绍Debian系统更新Linux内核。

一、通过更新源自动升级kernel

更新package

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt dist-upgrade

安装新版内核镜像

sudo apt-cache search linux-image

linux-image-amd64-dbg - Debugging symbols for Linux amd64 configuration (meta-package)
linux-image-amd64-signed-template - Template for signed linux-image packages for amd64
linux-image-cloud-amd64-dbg - Debugging symbols for Linux cloud-amd64 configuration (meta-package)
linux-image-rt-amd64-dbg - Debugging symbols for Linux rt-amd64 configuration (meta-package)
linux-image-amd64 - Linux for 64-bit PCs (meta-package)
linux-image-cloud-amd64 - Linux for x86-64 cloud (meta-package)
linux-image-rt-amd64 - Linux for 64-bit PCs (meta-package)
u-boot-efi-dtb - copy DTBs to the EFI System Partition from the linux-image-* packages
linux-headers-6.12.69+deb13-amd64 - Header files for Linux 6.12.69+deb13-amd64
linux-headers-6.12.69+deb13-cloud-amd64 - Header files for Linux 6.12.69+deb13-cloud-amd64
linux-headers-6.12.69+deb13-rt-amd64 - Header files for Linux 6.12.69+deb13-rt-amd64
linux-image-6.12.69+deb13-amd64-dbg - Debug symbols for linux-image-6.12.69+deb13-amd64
linux-image-6.12.69+deb13-amd64-unsigned - Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs
linux-image-6.12.69+deb13-cloud-amd64-dbg - Debug symbols for linux-image-6.12.69+deb13-cloud-amd64
linux-image-6.12.69+deb13-cloud-amd64-unsigned - Linux 6.12 for x86-64 cloud
linux-image-6.12.69+deb13-rt-amd64-dbg - Debug symbols for linux-image-6.12.69+deb13-rt-amd64
linux-image-6.12.69+deb13-rt-amd64-unsigned - Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs, PREEMPT_RT
linux-image-6.12.69+deb13-amd64 - Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
linux-image-6.12.69+deb13-cloud-amd64 - Linux 6.12 for x86-64 cloud (signed)
linux-image-6.12.69+deb13-rt-amd64 - Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs (signed), PREEMPT_RT

sudo apt install linux-image-amd64
安装额外的工具
sudo apt install build-essential libncurses-dev bison flex libssl-dev libelf-dev
重启系统
sudo update-grub
sudo apt-get clean
sudo reboot
检查下，已经切到了新内核
uname -r
6.12.73+deb13-amd64
清理
sudo apt purge linux-image-6.12.69+deb13-amd64
二、手动升级kernel
在 mirrors.kernel.org 上直接下载deb包，比如当前最新版本为 6.18.9 :
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/debian/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image-6.18.9%2Bdeb14-amd64-dbg_6.18.9-1_amd64.deb
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/debian/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image-6.18.9%2Bdeb14-amd64-unsigned_6.18.9-1_amd64.deb
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/debian/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image-6.18.9%2Bdeb14-cloud-amd64-dbg_6.18.9-1_amd64.deb
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/debian/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image-6.18.9%2Bdeb14-cloud-arm64-unsigned_6.18.9-1_arm64.deb
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/debian/pool/main/l/linux/linux-kbuild-6.18.9%2Bdeb14_6.18.9-1_amd64.deb
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/debian/pool/main/l/linux/linux-headers-6.18.9%2Bdeb14-amd64_6.18.9-1_amd64.deb
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/debian/pool/main/l/linux/linux-headers-6.18.9%2Bdeb14-cloud-amd64_6.18.9-1_amd64.deb
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/debian/pool/main/l/linux/linux-headers-6.18.9%2Bdeb14-rt-amd64_6.18.9-1_amd64.deb
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/debian/pool/main/l/linux/linux-headers-6.18.9%2Bdeb14-common_6.18.9-1_all.deb

sudo dpkg -i linux-*.deb
查看新安装的内核
dpkg -l | grep linux
重启系统
sudo update-grub
sudo apt-get clean
sudo reboot
检查下，已经切到了新内核
uname -r
6.19_amd64
清理
sudo apt purge linux-image-6.18-amd64